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THE MAIN SHARK SPECIES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

Different Species of Sharks - Group of Several Sharks in the Ocean

Many of us know the famous white shark or the hammerhead shark, whale shark, basking shark... But did you know that there are around  400 different species  of these large cartilaginous fish (sharks) that belong to the class Elasmobranchii.

So below, check out some of the most popular shark species, as well as some shark facts you may not know! You can also check out Wikipedia's list of shark species .  

Blue Shark Plush

1) The Whale Shark (Rhincodon Typus)

The whale shark is the largest species of shark , and also the largest species of fish in the world! The whale shark can measure up to 20 meters long and weigh up to 15 tons ?. Their backs are gray, blue or brown in color and covered with regularly arranged luminous spots. Whale sharks are found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

Despite their enormous size, whale sharks feed on some of the smallest creatures in the ocean, including crustaceans and plankton. They are not dangerous or aggressive; people even swim with whale sharks (which has boosted tourism in one town, Donsol .)

Whale Shark with a Diver Next to It

It is considered endangered by the IUCN due to overfishing ⛴ because it does not have many predators!

2) The Basking Shark (Cetorhinus Maximus)

The basking shark is the second largest species of shark (and fish). They can grow up to  12 metres long and weigh up to 7 tonnes. Like whale sharks, they feed on tiny plankton and can often be seen "basking" on the surface of the ocean as they feed by swimming slowly forward and filtering water through their mouth and gills, where the prey is trapped in the gills.

The basking shark is found in all the world's oceans, but is most common in temperate waters. They can also migrate long distances in winter: A shark tagged off Cape Cod (northeastern United States) was later discovered near Brazil.

Great Basking Shark Swimming with Mouth Wide Open

3) Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus)

The mako shark, also called the shortfin mako shark, is considered the fastest species of shark . These sharks can reach a length of about 4 meters and a weight of about 500 kilograms. They have a light belly and a bluish coloration on the back.

The mako shark is found in the pelagic zone (in the open sea) in the temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Its top speed is between 50 and 70 km/h - which allows it to hunt fish such as sailfish or swordfish which are among the fastest and to jump more than 4 meters out of the water! It can live up to 25 years.

Mako Shark Swimming with Fish

4) The Thresher Shark ( Alopiidae )

There are three species of thresher sharks : the common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), the pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), and the bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus). These sharks all have large eyes, small mouths, and long, whip-like upper tail lobes. This "whip" is used to herd and stun prey.

It can go up to 500 meters deep and measure up to 6 meters for the largest common thresher sharks for a weight of up to 440 kg . As with many other shark species, the thresher shark is threatened due to overfishing and its low reproduction rate.

Thresher Shark with Long Tail Fin

5) The Bull Shark (Carcharhinus Leucas)

The bull shark has the dubious distinction of being one of the three species most implicated in unprovoked shark attacks on humans. These large sharks have blunt snouts, gray backs, and light undersides, and can reach lengths of about  10 feet (3.2 meters)  and weights of about 350 pounds (160 kilograms) .

They tend to frequent warm, shallow and often murky waters near shore and coasts, occasionally in groups of up to 50 individuals. The bull shark typically feeds on fish and cuttlefish and is classified as  a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List .

Bull Shark Swimming at Night

6) The Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier)

The tiger shark has a darker stripe on its side, especially in young sharks. They are large sharks that can grow to over 4 meters long and weigh up to 500 kilograms.

Although diving with tiger sharks is an activity that some people engage in, tiger sharks are among the sharks most likely to attack humans, and are the second most common shark species to attack humans. However, shark attacks remain relatively rare.

Tiger Shark Swimming on the Ocean Floor on a Sandbank

7) The White Shark (Carcharodon Carcharias)

White sharks (more commonly known as great white sharks ) are among the most feared creatures in the ocean , thanks to the movie "Jaws". Their maximum size has been estimated at around 20 feet (6 meters) long and over 2,200 pounds (1,000 kilograms).

Despite its fierce reputation, the great white shark has a curious nature and tends to investigate its prey before eating it. It may release prey it finds unpleasant. Some great white sharks can bite humans, but not kill them. It also never attacks humans by deliberately smacking them , just confusing them with its usual prey.

Great White Shark on the Surface with Big Teeth

It lives in temperate and shallow waters , scientists have noticed that older specimens go into darker waters while younger individuals go into surface waters.

8) The Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus Longimanus)

Oceanic whitetip sharks typically live in the open ocean , far from land. They were feared during World War I and World War II because of the potential threat they posed to military personnel from downed aircraft and sunken ships.

The white tip shark can reach a life expectancy of 25 years and a maximum size of 2.10 meters. This carnivorous shark eats benthic fish (which live on the bottom) such as parrotfish, octopuses, surgeonfish, moray eels and lobsters, the smell and vibrations of which it picks up.

Oceanian Whitetip Shark

During the day, this benthic shark spends its time resting in underwater caves or on sandbanks, between 8 and 40 meters deep and often accompanied by its peers. In captivity, it is curious about the aquariologists who care for it and who swim with it.

This shark is found in reefs and lagoons in tropical and subtropical waters including the Indo-Pacific, the Red Sea and the coasts of Oceania. Their identifying characteristics include their white-tipped first dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and caudal fins, as well as their long, paddle-shaped pectoral fins.

This shark species is considered to be of Least Concern, but like all other sharks, this species is almost classified as Vulnerable  in the Red List of Threatened Species.

Whitetip Reef Shark Swimming in Coral Reefs in Oceania

 9) The Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca)

Blue sharks get their name from their coloration: they have a dark blue back, light blue sides, and white undersides, which is why they are also called "Blue Skin" . The largest recorded blue shark was just over 10 feet long, although rumor has it that they get bigger. They are a slender shark with large eyes and a small mouth that lives in temperate and tropical oceans around the world.

It lives  up to about  18 years and can reach a weight of 180 kilograms. In water, it is found up to 350 meters deep although some have been seen at 750 meters! The blue shark is the most present species of shark in the waters of the globe - because it can adapt and go to almost all marine environments except in the polar zones.

Blue Shark in the Sea Surrounded by Dark Water

Despite its large presence, the blue shark is a solitary shark that is occasionally found in groups of the same sex. It feeds mainly on cuttlefish, squid, other sharks and fish, which pushes it to make thousands of kilometers of migrations in pursuit of schools of fish such as herring, sardines, etc.

This shark is a species threatened like its congeners by sport fishing and industrial fishing when it gets stuck in boat nets and it is also threatened by fishing for its fins. Fortunately, in Australia, trawlers have a professional diver in their crew who checks the installation of drift nets. When the fish are caught, the diver goes into the water to direct the sharks that have accidentally been caught towards the exit, in order to avoid them being killed.

Baby Blue Shark Swimming with Fish

10) Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrnidae)

There are several species of hammerhead sharks , which are part of the family Sphyrnidae . These species include the winged shark, mallet shark, scalloped hammerhead, swordtail shark, great hammerhead shark, and bonnethead shark.

Their heads with such particular shapes make this species of sharks quite well-known to all with its "T" shaped head. This shape gives them a great visual range ? , which makes them easier to hunt. Their diet consists of schooling fish, rays, shrimps, crustaceans and cephalopods in general.

Hammerhead Shark on the Ocean Floor

These sharks live in tropical and warm temperate oceans around the world and in shallow waters such as coastal waters less than 20 meters deep. Common hammerhead sharks can grow to 4 meters when fully grown and weigh 400 kilograms. Unlike this hammerhead shark, the great hammerhead shark can grow to 5.5 meters and weigh up to 1,000 kilograms and live up to 37 years!

11) Nurse Shark (Ginglymostoma Cirratum)

Nurse sharks are a nocturnal species  that prefer to live on the ocean floor and shallow shores up to 130 meters deep in tropical waters. This shark often seeks shelter in caves and crevices. They are found in the Atlantic Ocean from Rhode Island to Brazil and off the coast of Africa and in the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Peru. The nurse shark can grow up to 4.5 meters long.

It is recognizable by its flat head and small eyes specific to its lifestyle. It eats bony fish, carrion, sea urchins but also stiffs and algae! To find its prey in the dark ocean floor at night, it uses its barbels and its highly developed sense of smell.

Nurse Shark in the Night Hunting

Nurse sharks are so called because of the noise they make when sucking up their prey which is similar to the sound babies make when sucking on a pacifier. They are also called sleeper sharks because they can spend more than 20 hours a day resting and sleeping.

12) Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus Melanopterus)

Blacktip reef sharks are easily identified by their black-tipped (white-edged) fins. These sharks can grow up to 2 meters in length, but are typically between 1 and 1.8 meters long.

On les trouve dans les eaux chaudes et peu profondes des récifs de l'océan Pacifique (y compris au large d'Hawaï, en Australie), de l'Indo-Pacifique et de la mer Méditerranée. Contrairement à son cousin le requin nourrisse, ce requin est ce que l'on appelle un nageur actif, il doit continuellement nager pour faire circuler l'eau ? dans ses branchies.

Blacktip Reef Shark in Water

Le requin à pointes noires avec son habitude de vivre dans des eaux peu profondes lorsqu’il est jeune peut bronzer pour protéger sa peau du soleil, tout comme le requin nourrice. Il a une vitesse de pointe de 37 km/h qu’il peut atteindre très rapidement pour se jeter sur sa proie et la manger. Son alimentation se compose de poissons, de crustacés, de céphalopodes, de mollusques et même quelques fois d’oiseaux !

13) Le Requin Taureau ou Tigre des Sables (Carcharias Taurus)

Le requin tigre des sables est également connu sous le nom de requin taureau, requin nourrice gris et de requin à dents fourchues. Ce requin peut atteindre une longueur d'environ 3 mètres et peser environ 200 kilogrammes. Le requin tigre ? des sables a un museau aplati et une longue bouche avec des dents d'aspect déchiqueté.

Le dos du requin tigre de sable est brun clair à verdâtre et son dessous est clair. Ils peuvent avoir des taches foncées. On les trouve dans des eaux relativement peu profondes (environ 2 à 220 mètres) dans l’océan Atlantique du Canada au Brésil, dans l’océan Pacifique de Japon à la Nouvelle-Zélande et dans l’ouest de la mer Méditerranée.

Sand Tiger Shark with a Massive Body and Large Teeth

Le requin tigre des sables a un corps qui devient particulièrement massif avec l’âge (il peut vivre jusqu’à un peu plus de 20 ans). Malgré son aspect massif et sa bouche remplie de dents ? qui lui donnent un air agressif, le requin taureau ne l’est pas envers les humains, tous comme un grand nombre de requins !

14) Le Requin Citron (Negaprion Brevirostris)

Le requin citron ? tire son nom de sa peau claire, jaune brunâtre ce qui le rend facilement reconnaissable par rapport aux autres requins. Leur couleur leur permet de se fondre dans leur habitat, près du sable au fond de l'eau, ce qui facilite leur chasse. Il peut vivre jusqu’à 25 ans et se déplace dans les eaux subtropicales autour des côtes atlantiques et pacifiques.

La femelle fait venir au monde ses petits dans la mangrove pour éviter que d’autres requins viennent manger ses petits, pour autant, c'est une espèce de requins que l'on trouve le plus souvent dans les eaux peu profondes. Cette espèce de requins peut atteindre les 3 mètres 40 pour environ 180 kilogrammes, ce qui le rend imposant et impressionnant, pourtant il n’attaque presque jamais les humains.

Lemon Shark with its Congeners and Fish on it

15) Le Requin Bambou à Bandes Brunes (Chiloscyllium Punctatum)

Le requin bambou à bandes brunes est un requin relativement petit que l'on trouve dans les eaux peu profondes ?. On a découvert que les femelles de cette espèce ont une capacité étonnante à stocker le sperme pendant au moins 45 mois, ce qui leur donne la possibilité de féconder un ovule sans avoir accès à un partenaire.

Le requin bambou à bandes brunes circule dans les eaux de l’Indo Pacifique Ouest. Il vit autour du Japon, au nord de l’Australie dans des récifs coralliens où il peut se nourrir en abondance ! On le trouve souvent dans des eaux jusqu’à 85 mètres de profondeur.

Brown-banded Bamboo Shark on the Sand on the Sea Floor

Cette espèce de requins chats possède des barbillons autour du nez pour faciliter sa navigation et des bandes de couleur qui le rendent facile à reconnaître qui sont à l’origine de son nom. Il mesure entre 1 mètre et 1 mètre 20 de longueur ce qui fait de lui un petit requin ?. Avec sa petite taille, il peut vivre jusqu’à environ 20 ans.

16) Le Requin à Grande Bouche (Megachasma Pelagios)

L'espèce de requin à grande bouche a été découverte en 1976 et seulement une centaine d'observations ont été confirmées depuis (102 selon l’UICN (en anglais)). Il est également appelé requin grande gueule ou requin megamouth et son nom (comme vous l’aurez deviné) vient de la taille de son immense bouche remplie de petites dents.

Il s'agit d'un requin relativement grand de couleur gris foncé, qui se nourrit par filtrage et qui vivrait dans les océans Atlantique, Pacifique et Indien et peut-être même dans toutes les eaux tropicales le long du plateau continental. Cette espèce de requin peut mesurer de 4 mètres à 7 mètres 10 et peser jusqu’à 750 kilogrammes ! Il nage lentement la bouche grande ouverte ? dans les eaux à 200 mètres de profondeur pour filtrer ses proies tout comme le requin baleine ou le requin pèlerin.

Megamouth Shark or Big Mouth Shark or Big Mouth Shark

Il se nourrit parfois de petits poissons, de méduses et de planctons. Des scientifiques pensent qu’il aurait dans ses lèvres des microorganismes qui attirent le plancton. C’est aussi un des seuls requins qui migre de la surface aux profondeurs de manière programmé. La journée, pour suivre ses proies, il reste dans des eaux profondes à plusieurs centaines de mètres et la nuit il va vers la surface.

17) Le Requin du Groenland (Somniosus Microcephalus)

Juste derrière le grand requin blanc, le requin du Groenland est le deuxième plus grand requin carnivore ? avec une taille maximale de presque 7 mètres et un poids avoisinant les 1000 kilogrammes. C’est un des seuls requins à vivre toute l’année dans les eaux polaires de l’atlantique nord. Cette espèce de requins vit souvent en profondeur d’environ 200 à 400 mètres, mais les plus vieux spécimens peuvent descendre jusqu’à 1000 mètres de profondeur la journée et remontent plus à la surface la nuit.

Leur vie en profondeur les rend difficiles à étudier par les scientifiques, mais pourtant on sait qu’ils grandissent d’environ un centimètre par an pendant toute leur vie et en considérant leur taille assez grande, on peut imaginer qu’ils vivent très longtemps. C’est bien le cas du requin du groenland qui peut vivre plus de 400 ans selon les approximations des scientifiques à l’aide du carbone 14. De plus on sait que des individus peuvent attendre leurs 150 ans avant d’avoir une première progéniture qui peut accueillir jusqu’à 10 petits.

Greenland Shark with a Diver Next to It

18) Le Requin Gobelin ou Requin Lutin (Mitsukurina Owstoni)

Le requin lutin à l’allure préhistorique ? vit entre 20 et 1300 mètres profondeurs dans les eaux du monde entier sur les monts et canyons sous-marins ainsi que sur le talus continental. Ce requin, nommé requin lutin ou requin gobelin est peu connu des scientifiques car seulement quelques spécimens on put être capturés et étudiés. Avec son long museau aplati et sa mâchoire remplie de dents en forme de clou, ce requin venu tout droit des abysses ne ressemble à aucune autre espèce de requins.

Il mesure en général entre 3 et 4 mètres pour un poids avoisinant les 200 kilogrammes. Avec ses petites nageoires et son corps flasque, le requin gobelin est assez lent, mais il sait être rapide et efficace avec sa mâchoire rétractable pour chasser ses proies comme des poissons, des crustacés et des céphalopodes.

Goblin Shark or Leprechaun Shark


Maintenant que vous connaissez plus en profondeur quelques espèces de requins sur les 400 existantes, vous pouvez découvrir nos peluches de requin. Que ce soit pour parcourir le fond des océans ou dormir avec, les enfants adorent !

Shark Plushies Plush Kingdom

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